title: sqlalchemy.orm mapperlib Example Code
category: page
slug: sqlalchemy-orm-mapperlib-examples
sortorder: 500031069
toc: False
sidebartitle: sqlalchemy.orm mapperlib
meta: Python example code that shows how to use the mapperlib callable from the sqlalchemy.orm module of the SQLAlchemy project.


`mapperlib` is a callable within the `sqlalchemy.orm` module of the SQLAlchemy project.

<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-columnproperty-examples.html">ColumnProperty</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-compositeproperty-examples.html">CompositeProperty</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-load-examples.html">Load</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-mapper-examples.html">Mapper</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-query-examples.html">Query</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-relationshipproperty-examples.html">RelationshipProperty</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-session-examples.html">Session</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-synonymproperty-examples.html">SynonymProperty</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-aliased-examples.html">aliased</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-attributes-examples.html">attributes</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-backref-examples.html">backref</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-class-mapper-examples.html">class_mapper</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-column-property-examples.html">column_property</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-composite-examples.html">composite</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-interfaces-examples.html">interfaces</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-mapper-examples.html">mapper</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-object-mapper-examples.html">object_mapper</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-object-session-examples.html">object_session</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-query-examples.html">query</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-relationship-examples.html">relationship</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-session-examples.html">session</a>,
<a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-sessionmaker-examples.html">sessionmaker</a>,
and <a href="/sqlalchemy-orm-strategies-examples.html">strategies</a>
are several other callables with code examples from the same `sqlalchemy.orm` package.

## Example 1 from sqlalchemy-utils
[sqlalchemy-utils](https://github.com/kvesteri/sqlalchemy-utils)
([project documentation](https://sqlalchemy-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
and
[PyPI package information](https://pypi.org/project/SQLAlchemy-Utils/))
is a code library with various helper functions and new data types
that make it easier to use [SQLAlchemy](/sqlalchemy.html) when building
projects that involve more specific storage requirements such as
[currency](https://sqlalchemy-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data_types.html#module-sqlalchemy_utils.types.currency).
The wide array of
[data types](https://sqlalchemy-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data_types.html)
includes [ranged values](https://sqlalchemy-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/range_data_types.html)
and [aggregated attributes](https://sqlalchemy-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/aggregates.html).

[**sqlalchemy-utils / sqlalchemy_utils / functions / orm.py**](https://github.com/kvesteri/sqlalchemy-utils/blob/master/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py)

```python
# orm.py
from collections import OrderedDict
from functools import partial
from inspect import isclass
from operator import attrgetter

import six
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces import Dialect
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
~~from sqlalchemy.orm import mapperlib
from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import UnmappedInstanceError
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import ColumnProperty, RelationshipProperty
from sqlalchemy.orm.query import _ColumnEntity
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import object_session
from sqlalchemy.orm.util import AliasedInsp

from ..utils import is_sequence


def get_class_by_table(base, table, data=None):
    found_classes = set(
        c for c in base._decl_class_registry.values()
        if hasattr(c, '__table__') and c.__table__ is table
    )
    if len(found_classes) > 1:
        if not data:
            raise ValueError(
                "Multiple declarative classes found for table '{0}'. "
                "Please provide data parameter for this function to be able "
                "to determine polymorphic scenarios.".format(
                    table.name
                )
            )


## ... source file abbreviated to get to mapperlib examples ...


        'No column %s is configured on mapper %s...' %
        (column, mapper)
    )


def get_mapper(mixed):
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.query._MapperEntity):
        mixed = mixed.expr
    elif isinstance(mixed, sa.Column):
        mixed = mixed.table
    elif isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.query._ColumnEntity):
        mixed = mixed.expr

    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.Mapper):
        return mixed
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.util.AliasedClass):
        return sa.inspect(mixed).mapper
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.sql.selectable.Alias):
        mixed = mixed.element
    if isinstance(mixed, AliasedInsp):
        return mixed.mapper
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.attributes.InstrumentedAttribute):
        mixed = mixed.class_
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.Table):
        mappers = [
~~            mapper for mapper in mapperlib._mapper_registry
            if mixed in mapper.tables
        ]
        if len(mappers) > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "Multiple mappers found for table '%s'." % mixed.name
            )
        elif not mappers:
            raise ValueError(
                "Could not get mapper for table '%s'." % mixed.name
            )
        else:
            return mappers[0]
    if not isclass(mixed):
        mixed = type(mixed)
    return sa.inspect(mixed)


def get_bind(obj):
    if hasattr(obj, 'bind'):
        conn = obj.bind
    else:
        try:
            conn = object_session(obj).bind
        except UnmappedInstanceError:


## ... source file continues with no further mapperlib examples...

```