bltinmodule.c

/* Built-in functions */

#include "Python.h"
#include "Python-ast.h"

#include "node.h"
#include "code.h"

#include "asdl.h"
#include "ast.h"

#include <ctype.h>

#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
#include <langinfo.h>   /* CODESET */
#endif

/* The default encoding used by the platform file system APIs
   Can remain NULL for all platforms that don't have such a concept

   Don't forget to modify PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault() if you touch any of the
   values for Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding!
*/
#if defined(__APPLE__)
const char *Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = "utf-8";
int Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding = 1;
#elif defined(MS_WINDOWS)
/* may be changed by initfsencoding(), but should never be free()d */
const char *Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = "utf-8";
int Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding = 1;
#else
const char *Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = NULL; /* set by initfsencoding() */
int Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding = 0;
#endif
const char *Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors = "surrogateescape";

_Py_IDENTIFIER(__builtins__);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(__prepare__);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(__round__);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(encoding);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(errors);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(fileno);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(metaclass);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(sort);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);

#include "clinic/bltinmodule.c.h"

/* AC: cannot convert yet, waiting for *args support */
static PyObject *
builtin___build_class__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject *func, *name, *bases, *mkw, *meta, *winner, *prep, *ns;
    PyObject *cls = NULL, *cell = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t nargs;
    int isclass = 0;   /* initialize to prevent gcc warning */

    assert(args != NULL);
    if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__build_class__: args is not a tuple");
        return NULL;
    }
    nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
    if (nargs < 2) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__build_class__: not enough arguments");
        return NULL;
    }
    func = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0); /* Better be callable */
    if (!PyFunction_Check(func)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__build_class__: func must be a function");
        return NULL;
    }
    name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
    if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__build_class__: name is not a string");
        return NULL;
    }
    bases = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, 2, nargs);
    if (bases == NULL)
        return NULL;

    if (kwds == NULL) {
        meta = NULL;
        mkw = NULL;
    }
    else {
        mkw = PyDict_Copy(kwds); /* Don't modify kwds passed in! */
        if (mkw == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(bases);
            return NULL;
        }
        meta = _PyDict_GetItemId(mkw, &PyId_metaclass);
        if (meta != NULL) {
            Py_INCREF(meta);
            if (_PyDict_DelItemId(mkw, &PyId_metaclass) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(meta);
                Py_DECREF(mkw);
                Py_DECREF(bases);
                return NULL;
            }
            /* metaclass is explicitly given, check if it's indeed a class */
            isclass = PyType_Check(meta);
        }
    }
    if (meta == NULL) {
        /* if there are no bases, use type: */
        if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases) == 0) {
            meta = (PyObject *) (&PyType_Type);
        }
        /* else get the type of the first base */
        else {
            PyObject *base0 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, 0);
            meta = (PyObject *) (base0->ob_type);
        }
        Py_INCREF(meta);
        isclass = 1;  /* meta is really a class */
    }

    if (isclass) {
        /* meta is really a class, so check for a more derived
           metaclass, or possible metaclass conflicts: */
        winner = (PyObject *)_PyType_CalculateMetaclass((PyTypeObject *)meta,
                                                        bases);
        if (winner == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(meta);
            Py_XDECREF(mkw);
            Py_DECREF(bases);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (winner != meta) {
            Py_DECREF(meta);
            meta = winner;
            Py_INCREF(meta);
        }
    }
    /* else: meta is not a class, so we cannot do the metaclass
       calculation, so we will use the explicitly given object as it is */
    prep = _PyObject_GetAttrId(meta, &PyId___prepare__);
    if (prep == NULL) {
        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
            PyErr_Clear();
            ns = PyDict_New();
        }
        else {
            Py_DECREF(meta);
            Py_XDECREF(mkw);
            Py_DECREF(bases);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    else {
        PyObject *pargs[2] = {name, bases};
        ns = _PyObject_FastCallDict(prep, pargs, 2, mkw);
        Py_DECREF(prep);
    }
    if (ns == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(meta);
        Py_XDECREF(mkw);
        Py_DECREF(bases);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (!PyMapping_Check(ns)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "%.200s.__prepare__() must return a mapping, not %.200s",
                     isclass ? ((PyTypeObject *)meta)->tp_name : "<metaclass>",
                     Py_TYPE(ns)->tp_name);
        goto error;
    }
    cell = PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyFunction_GET_CODE(func), PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func), ns,
                             NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL,
                             PyFunction_GET_CLOSURE(func));
    if (cell != NULL) {
        PyObject *margs[3] = {name, bases, ns};
        cls = _PyObject_FastCallDict(meta, margs, 3, mkw);
        if (cls != NULL && PyType_Check(cls) && PyCell_Check(cell)) {
            PyObject *cell_cls = PyCell_GET(cell);
            if (cell_cls != cls) {
                /* TODO: In 3.7, DeprecationWarning will become RuntimeError.
                 *       At that point, cell_error won't be needed.
                 */
                int cell_error;
                if (cell_cls == NULL) {
                    const char *msg =
                        "__class__ not set defining %.200R as %.200R. "
                        "Was __classcell__ propagated to type.__new__?";
                    cell_error = PyErr_WarnFormat(
                        PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1, msg, name, cls);
                } else {
                    const char *msg =
                        "__class__ set to %.200R defining %.200R as %.200R";
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, msg, cell_cls, name, cls);
                    cell_error = 1;
                }
                if (cell_error) {
                    Py_DECREF(cls);
                    cls = NULL;
                    goto error;
                } else {
                    /* Fill in the cell, since type.__new__ didn't do it */
                    PyCell_Set(cell, cls);
                }
            }
        }
    }
error:
    Py_XDECREF(cell);
    Py_DECREF(ns);
    Py_DECREF(meta);
    Py_XDECREF(mkw);
    Py_DECREF(bases);
    return cls;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(build_class_doc,
"__build_class__(func, name, *bases, metaclass=None, **kwds) -> class\n\
\n\
Internal helper function used by the class statement.");

static PyObject *
builtin___import__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "globals", "locals", "fromlist",
                             "level", 0};
    PyObject *name, *globals = NULL, *locals = NULL, *fromlist = NULL;
    int level = 0;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "U|OOOi:__import__",
                    kwlist, &name, &globals, &locals, &fromlist, &level))
        return NULL;
    return PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(name, globals, locals,
                                            fromlist, level);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(import_doc,
"__import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=(), level=0) -> module\n\
\n\
Import a module. Because this function is meant for use by the Python\n\
interpreter and not for general use, it is better to use\n\
importlib.import_module() to programmatically import a module.\n\
\n\
The globals argument is only used to determine the context;\n\
they are not modified.  The locals argument is unused.  The fromlist\n\
should be a list of names to emulate ``from name import ...'', or an\n\
empty list to emulate ``import name''.\n\
When importing a module from a package, note that __import__('A.B', ...)\n\
returns package A when fromlist is empty, but its submodule B when\n\
fromlist is not empty.  The level argument is used to determine whether to\n\
perform absolute or relative imports: 0 is absolute, while a positive number\n\
is the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.");


/*[clinic input]
abs as builtin_abs

    x: object
    /

Return the absolute value of the argument.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_abs(PyObject *module, PyObject *x)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=b1b433b9e51356f5 input=bed4ca14e29c20d1]*/
{
    return PyNumber_Absolute(x);
}

/*[clinic input]
all as builtin_all

    iterable: object
    /

Return True if bool(x) is True for all values x in the iterable.

If the iterable is empty, return True.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_all(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=ca2a7127276f79b3 input=1a7c5d1bc3438a21]*/
{
    PyObject *it, *item;
    PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
    int cmp;

    it = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
    if (it == NULL)
        return NULL;
    iternext = *Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext;

    for (;;) {
        item = iternext(it);
        if (item == NULL)
            break;
        cmp = PyObject_IsTrue(item);
        Py_DECREF(item);
        if (cmp < 0) {
            Py_DECREF(it);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (cmp == 0) {
            Py_DECREF(it);
            Py_RETURN_FALSE;
        }
    }
    Py_DECREF(it);
    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))
            PyErr_Clear();
        else
            return NULL;
    }
    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
}

/*[clinic input]
any as builtin_any

    iterable: object
    /

Return True if bool(x) is True for any x in the iterable.

If the iterable is empty, return False.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_any(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=fa65684748caa60e input=41d7451c23384f24]*/
{
    PyObject *it, *item;
    PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
    int cmp;

    it = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
    if (it == NULL)
        return NULL;
    iternext = *Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext;

    for (;;) {
        item = iternext(it);
        if (item == NULL)
            break;
        cmp = PyObject_IsTrue(item);
        Py_DECREF(item);
        if (cmp < 0) {
            Py_DECREF(it);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (cmp > 0) {
            Py_DECREF(it);
            Py_RETURN_TRUE;
        }
    }
    Py_DECREF(it);
    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))
            PyErr_Clear();
        else
            return NULL;
    }
    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
}

/*[clinic input]
ascii as builtin_ascii

    obj: object
    /

Return an ASCII-only representation of an object.

As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an
object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by
repr() using \\x, \\u or \\U escapes. This generates a string similar
to that returned by repr() in Python 2.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_ascii(PyObject *module, PyObject *obj)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=6d37b3f0984c7eb9 input=4c62732e1b3a3cc9]*/
{
    return PyObject_ASCII(obj);
}


/*[clinic input]
bin as builtin_bin

    number: object
    /

Return the binary representation of an integer.

   >>> bin(2796202)
   '0b1010101010101010101010'
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_bin(PyObject *module, PyObject *number)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=b6fc4ad5e649f4f7 input=53f8a0264bacaf90]*/
{
    return PyNumber_ToBase(number, 2);
}


/*[clinic input]
callable as builtin_callable

    obj: object
    /

Return whether the object is callable (i.e., some kind of function).

Note that classes are callable, as are instances of classes with a
__call__() method.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_callable(PyObject *module, PyObject *obj)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=2b095d59d934cb7e input=1423bab99cc41f58]*/
{
    return PyBool_FromLong((long)PyCallable_Check(obj));
}


typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    PyObject *func;
    PyObject *it;
} filterobject;

static PyObject *
filter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject *func, *seq;
    PyObject *it;
    filterobject *lz;

    if (type == &PyFilter_Type && !_PyArg_NoKeywords("filter()", kwds))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "filter", 2, 2, &func, &seq))
        return NULL;

    /* Get iterator. */
    it = PyObject_GetIter(seq);
    if (it == NULL)
        return NULL;

    /* create filterobject structure */
    lz = (filterobject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
    if (lz == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(it);
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(func);
    lz->func = func;
    lz->it = it;

    return (PyObject *)lz;
}

static void
filter_dealloc(filterobject *lz)
{
    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(lz);
    Py_XDECREF(lz->func);
    Py_XDECREF(lz->it);
    Py_TYPE(lz)->tp_free(lz);
}

static int
filter_traverse(filterobject *lz, visitproc visit, void *arg)
{
    Py_VISIT(lz->it);
    Py_VISIT(lz->func);
    return 0;
}

static PyObject *
filter_next(filterobject *lz)
{
    PyObject *item;
    PyObject *it = lz->it;
    long ok;
    PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
    int checktrue = lz->func == Py_None || lz->func == (PyObject *)&PyBool_Type;

    iternext = *Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext;
    for (;;) {
        item = iternext(it);
        if (item == NULL)
            return NULL;

        if (checktrue) {
            ok = PyObject_IsTrue(item);
        } else {
            PyObject *good;
            good = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(lz->func, item, NULL);
            if (good == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(item);
                return NULL;
            }
            ok = PyObject_IsTrue(good);
            Py_DECREF(good);
        }
        if (ok > 0)
            return item;
        Py_DECREF(item);
        if (ok < 0)
            return NULL;
    }
}

static PyObject *
filter_reduce(filterobject *lz)
{
    return Py_BuildValue("O(OO)", Py_TYPE(lz), lz->func, lz->it);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling.");

static PyMethodDef filter_methods[] = {
    {"__reduce__",   (PyCFunction)filter_reduce,   METH_NOARGS, reduce_doc},
    {NULL,           NULL}           /* sentinel */
};

PyDoc_STRVAR(filter_doc,
"filter(function or None, iterable) --> filter object\n\
\n\
Return an iterator yielding those items of iterable for which function(item)\n\
is true. If function is None, return the items that are true.");

PyTypeObject PyFilter_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "filter",                           /* tp_name */
    sizeof(filterobject),               /* tp_basicsize */
    0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
    /* methods */
    (destructor)filter_dealloc,         /* tp_dealloc */
    0,                                  /* tp_print */
    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
    0,                                  /* tp_reserved */
    0,                                  /* tp_repr */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
    0,                                  /* tp_call */
    0,                                  /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
    0,                                  /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
        Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,            /* tp_flags */
    filter_doc,                         /* tp_doc */
    (traverseproc)filter_traverse,      /* tp_traverse */
    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
    0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    PyObject_SelfIter,                  /* tp_iter */
    (iternextfunc)filter_next,          /* tp_iternext */
    filter_methods,                     /* tp_methods */
    0,                                  /* tp_members */
    0,                                  /* tp_getset */
    0,                                  /* tp_base */
    0,                                  /* tp_dict */
    0,                                  /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
    0,                                  /* tp_init */
    PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
    filter_new,                         /* tp_new */
    PyObject_GC_Del,                    /* tp_free */
};


/*[clinic input]
format as builtin_format

    value: object
    format_spec: unicode(c_default="NULL") = ''
    /

Return value.__format__(format_spec)

format_spec defaults to the empty string.
See the Format Specification Mini-Language section of help('FORMATTING') for
details.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_format_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *value, PyObject *format_spec)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=2f40bdfa4954b077 input=88339c93ea522b33]*/
{
    return PyObject_Format(value, format_spec);
}

/*[clinic input]
chr as builtin_chr

    i: int
    /

Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 0x10ffff.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_chr_impl(PyObject *module, int i)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=c733afcd200afcb7 input=3f604ef45a70750d]*/
{
    return PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(i);
}


static const char *
source_as_string(PyObject *cmd, const char *funcname, const char *what, PyCompilerFlags *cf, PyObject **cmd_copy)
{
    const char *str;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    Py_buffer view;

    *cmd_copy = NULL;
    if (PyUnicode_Check(cmd)) {
        cf->cf_flags |= PyCF_IGNORE_COOKIE;
        str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(cmd, &size);
        if (str == NULL)
            return NULL;
    }
    else if (PyBytes_Check(cmd)) {
        str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(cmd);
        size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(cmd);
    }
    else if (PyByteArray_Check(cmd)) {
        str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(cmd);
        size = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(cmd);
    }
    else if (PyObject_GetBuffer(cmd, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) == 0) {
        /* Copy to NUL-terminated buffer. */
        *cmd_copy = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
            (const char *)view.buf, view.len);
        PyBuffer_Release(&view);
        if (*cmd_copy == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }
        str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(*cmd_copy);
        size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(*cmd_copy);
    }
    else {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
          "%s() arg 1 must be a %s object",
          funcname, what);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (strlen(str) != (size_t)size) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "source code string cannot contain null bytes");
        Py_CLEAR(*cmd_copy);
        return NULL;
    }
    return str;
}

/*[clinic input]
compile as builtin_compile

    source: object
    filename: object(converter="PyUnicode_FSDecoder")
    mode: str
    flags: int = 0
    dont_inherit: int(c_default="0") = False
    optimize: int = -1

Compile source into a code object that can be executed by exec() or eval().

The source code may represent a Python module, statement or expression.
The filename will be used for run-time error messages.
The mode must be 'exec' to compile a module, 'single' to compile a
single (interactive) statement, or 'eval' to compile an expression.
The flags argument, if present, controls which future statements influence
the compilation of the code.
The dont_inherit argument, if true, stops the compilation inheriting
the effects of any future statements in effect in the code calling
compile; if absent or false these statements do influence the compilation,
in addition to any features explicitly specified.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_compile_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *filename,
                     const char *mode, int flags, int dont_inherit,
                     int optimize)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=1fa176e33452bb63 input=9d53e8cfb3c86414]*/
{
    PyObject *source_copy;
    const char *str;
    int compile_mode = -1;
    int is_ast;
    PyCompilerFlags cf;
    int start[] = {Py_file_input, Py_eval_input, Py_single_input};
    PyObject *result;

    cf.cf_flags = flags | PyCF_SOURCE_IS_UTF8;

    if (flags &
        ~(PyCF_MASK | PyCF_MASK_OBSOLETE | PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT | PyCF_ONLY_AST))
    {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "compile(): unrecognised flags");
        goto error;
    }
    /* XXX Warn if (supplied_flags & PyCF_MASK_OBSOLETE) != 0? */

    if (optimize < -1 || optimize > 2) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "compile(): invalid optimize value");
        goto error;
    }

    if (!dont_inherit) {
        PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(&cf);
    }

    if (strcmp(mode, "exec") == 0)
        compile_mode = 0;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "eval") == 0)
        compile_mode = 1;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "single") == 0)
        compile_mode = 2;
    else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "compile() mode must be 'exec', 'eval' or 'single'");
        goto error;
    }

    is_ast = PyAST_Check(source);
    if (is_ast == -1)
        goto error;
    if (is_ast) {
        if (flags & PyCF_ONLY_AST) {
            Py_INCREF(source);
            result = source;
        }
        else {
            PyArena *arena;
            mod_ty mod;

            arena = PyArena_New();
            if (arena == NULL)
                goto error;
            mod = PyAST_obj2mod(source, arena, compile_mode);
            if (mod == NULL) {
                PyArena_Free(arena);
                goto error;
            }
            if (!PyAST_Validate(mod)) {
                PyArena_Free(arena);
                goto error;
            }
            result = (PyObject*)PyAST_CompileObject(mod, filename,
                                                    &cf, optimize, arena);
            PyArena_Free(arena);
        }
        goto finally;
    }

    str = source_as_string(source, "compile", "string, bytes or AST", &cf, &source_copy);
    if (str == NULL)
        goto error;

    result = Py_CompileStringObject(str, filename, start[compile_mode], &cf, optimize);
    Py_XDECREF(source_copy);
    goto finally;

error:
    result = NULL;
finally:
    Py_DECREF(filename);
    return result;
}

/* AC: cannot convert yet, as needs PEP 457 group support in inspect */
static PyObject *
builtin_dir(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *arg = NULL;

    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "dir", 0, 1, &arg))
        return NULL;
    return PyObject_Dir(arg);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(dir_doc,
"dir([object]) -> list of strings\n"
"\n"
"If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.\n"
"Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes\n"
"of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.\n"
"If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise\n"
"the default dir() logic is used and returns:\n"
"  for a module object: the module's attributes.\n"
"  for a class object:  its attributes, and recursively the attributes\n"
"    of its bases.\n"
"  for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and\n"
"    recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.");

/*[clinic input]
divmod as builtin_divmod

    x: object
    y: object
    /

Return the tuple (x//y, x%y).  Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_divmod_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *x, PyObject *y)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=b06d8a5f6e0c745e input=175ad9c84ff41a85]*/
{
    return PyNumber_Divmod(x, y);
}


/*[clinic input]
eval as builtin_eval

    source: object
    globals: object = None
    locals: object = None
    /

Evaluate the given source in the context of globals and locals.

The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_eval_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *globals,
                  PyObject *locals)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=0a0824aa70093116 input=11ee718a8640e527]*/
{
    PyObject *result, *source_copy;
    const char *str;
    PyCompilerFlags cf;

    if (locals != Py_None && !PyMapping_Check(locals)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "locals must be a mapping");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (globals != Py_None && !PyDict_Check(globals)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, PyMapping_Check(globals) ?
            "globals must be a real dict; try eval(expr, {}, mapping)"
            : "globals must be a dict");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (globals == Py_None) {
        globals = PyEval_GetGlobals();
        if (locals == Py_None) {
            locals = PyEval_GetLocals();
            if (locals == NULL)
                return NULL;
        }
    }
    else if (locals == Py_None)
        locals = globals;

    if (globals == NULL || locals == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
            "eval must be given globals and locals "
            "when called without a frame");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (_PyDict_GetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__) == NULL) {
        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__,
                              PyEval_GetBuiltins()) != 0)
            return NULL;
    }

    if (PyCode_Check(source)) {
        if (PyCode_GetNumFree((PyCodeObject *)source) > 0) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
        "code object passed to eval() may not contain free variables");
            return NULL;
        }
        return PyEval_EvalCode(source, globals, locals);
    }

    cf.cf_flags = PyCF_SOURCE_IS_UTF8;
    str = source_as_string(source, "eval", "string, bytes or code", &cf, &source_copy);
    if (str == NULL)
        return NULL;

    while (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t')
        str++;

    (void)PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(&cf);
    result = PyRun_StringFlags(str, Py_eval_input, globals, locals, &cf);
    Py_XDECREF(source_copy);
    return result;
}

/*[clinic input]
exec as builtin_exec

    source: object
    globals: object = None
    locals: object = None
    /

Execute the given source in the context of globals and locals.

The source may be a string representing one or more Python statements
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
builtin_exec_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *globals,
                  PyObject *locals)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=3c90efc6ab68ef5d input=01ca3e1c01692829]*/
{
    PyObject *v;

    if (globals == Py_None) {
        globals = PyEval_GetGlobals();
        if (locals == Py_None) {
            locals = PyEval_GetLocals();
            if (locals == NULL)
                return NULL;
        }
        if (!globals || !locals) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
                            "globals and locals cannot be NULL");
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    else if (locals == Py_None)
        locals = globals;

    if (!PyDict_Check(globals)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "exec() globals must be a dict, not %.100s",
                     globals->ob_type->tp_name);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (!PyMapping_Check(locals)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
            "locals must be a mapping or None, not %.100s",
            locals->ob_type->tp_name);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (_PyDict_GetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__) == NULL) {
        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__,
                              PyEval_GetBuiltins()) != 0)
            return NULL;
    }

    if (PyCode_Check(source)) {
        if (PyCode_GetNumFree((PyCodeObject *)source) > 0) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "code object passed to exec() may not "
                "contain free variables");
            return NULL;
        }
        v = PyEval_EvalCode(source, globals, locals);
    }
    else {
        PyObject *source_copy;
        const char *str;
        PyCompilerFlags cf;
        cf.cf_flags = PyCF_SOURCE_IS_UTF8;
        str = source_as_string(source, "exec",
                                       "string, bytes or code", &cf,
                                       &source_copy);
        if (str == NULL)
            return NULL;
        if (PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(&cf))
            v = PyRun_StringFlags(str, Py_file_input, globals,
                                  locals, &cf);
        else
            v = PyRun_String(str, Py_file_input, globals, locals);
        Py_XDECREF(source_copy);