/********************************************************************++
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
--********************************************************************/

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Management.Automation.Host;
using System.Management.Automation.Internal;
using System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host;
using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using Microsoft.PowerShell;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format;

namespace System.Management.Automation
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This class contains the execution context that gets passed
    /// around to commands. This is all of the information that lets you get
    /// at session state and the host interfaces.
    /// </summary>
    internal class ExecutionContext
    {
        #region Properties

        /// <summary>
        /// The events received by this runspace
        /// </summary>
        internal PSLocalEventManager Events { get; private set; }

        internal HashSet<String> AutoLoadingModuleInProgress { get; } = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

        /// <summary>
        /// The debugger for the interpreter
        /// </summary>
        internal ScriptDebugger Debugger
        {
            get { return _debugger; }
        }
        internal ScriptDebugger _debugger;

        internal int _debuggingMode;

        /// <summary>
        /// Reset or clear the various context managers so the runspace can be reused without contamination.
        /// </summary>
        internal void ResetManagers()
        {
            if (_debugger != null)
            {
                _debugger.ResetDebugger();
            }

            if (Events != null)
            {
                Events.Dispose();
            }
            Events = new PSLocalEventManager(this);
            if (this.transactionManager != null)
            {
                this.transactionManager.Dispose();
            }
            this.transactionManager = new PSTransactionManager();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// The tracing mode for the interpreter.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>True if tracing is turned on, false if it's turned off.</value>
        internal int PSDebugTraceLevel
        {
            get
            {
                // Pretend that tracing is off if ignoreScriptDebug is true
                return IgnoreScriptDebug ? 0 : _debugTraceLevel;
            }
            set { _debugTraceLevel = value; }
        }
        private int _debugTraceLevel;

        /// <summary>
        /// The step mode for the interpreter.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>True of stepping is turned on, false if it's turned off.</value>
        internal bool PSDebugTraceStep
        {
            get
            {
                // Pretend that tracing is off if ignoreScriptDebug is true
                return !IgnoreScriptDebug && _debugTraceStep;
            }
            set { _debugTraceStep = value; }
        }
        private bool _debugTraceStep;

        // Helper for generated code to handle running w/ no execution context
        internal static bool IsStrictVersion(ExecutionContext context, int majorVersion)
        {
            if (context == null)
            {
                context = LocalPipeline.GetExecutionContextFromTLS();
            }
            return (context != null)
                       ? context.IsStrictVersion(majorVersion)
                       : false;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Check to see a specific version of strict mode is enabled.  The check is always scoped,
        /// even though in version 1 the check was engine wide.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="majorVersion">The version for a strict check about to be performed.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal bool IsStrictVersion(int majorVersion)
        {
            SessionStateScope scope = EngineSessionState.CurrentScope;
            while (scope != null)
            {
                // If StrictModeVersion is null, we haven't seen set-strictmode, so check the parent scope.
                if (scope.StrictModeVersion != null)
                {
                    // If StrictModeVersion is not null, just check the major version.  A version of 0
                    // is the same as off to make this a simple check.
                    return (scope.StrictModeVersion.Major >= majorVersion);
                }
                // We shouldn't check global scope if we were in a module.
                if (scope == EngineSessionState.ModuleScope)
                {
                    break;
                }
                scope = scope.Parent;
            }

            // set-strictmode hasn't been used.
            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is true if the current statement in the interpreter should be traced...
        /// </summary>
        internal bool ShouldTraceStatement
        {
            get
            {
                // Pretend that tracing is off if ignoreScriptDebug is true
                return !IgnoreScriptDebug && (_debugTraceLevel > 0 || _debugTraceStep);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// If true, then a script command processor should rethrow the exit exception instead of
        /// simply capturing it. This is used by the -file option on the console host.
        /// </summary>
        internal bool ScriptCommandProcessorShouldRethrowExit { get; set; } = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// If this flag is set to true, script trace output
        /// will not be generated regardless of the state of the
        /// trace flag.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The current state of the IgnoreScriptDebug flag.</value>
        internal bool IgnoreScriptDebug { set; get; } = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the automation engine instance.
        /// </summary>
        internal AutomationEngine Engine { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the RunspaceConfiguration instance
        /// </summary>
        internal RunspaceConfiguration RunspaceConfiguration { get; }

        internal InitialSessionState InitialSessionState { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// True if the RunspaceConfiguration/InitialSessionState is for a single shell or false otherwise.
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        internal bool IsSingleShell
        {
            get
            {
                RunspaceConfigForSingleShell runSpace = RunspaceConfiguration as RunspaceConfigForSingleShell;
                return runSpace != null || InitialSessionState != null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Added for Win8: 336382
        /// Contains the name of the previous module that was processed. This
        /// allows you to skip this module when doing a lookup.
        /// </summary>
        internal string PreviousModuleProcessed { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Added for 4980967
        /// Contains the name of the latest module that was imported,
        /// Allows "module\function" to call the function from latest imported module instead of randomly choosing the first module in the moduletable.
        /// </summary>
        internal Hashtable previousModuleImported { get; set; } = new Hashtable();

        /// <summary>
        /// Contains the name of the module currently being processed. This
        /// allows you to skip this module when doing a lookup.
        /// </summary>
        internal string ModuleBeingProcessed { get; set; }

        private bool _responsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomainOwned;

        internal bool TakeResponsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomain()
        {
            if (_responsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomainOwned)
            {
                return false;
            }

            Diagnostics.Assert(AppDomainForModuleAnalysis == null, "Invalid module analysis app domain state");
            _responsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomainOwned = true;
            return true;
        }

        internal void ReleaseResponsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomain()
        {
            Diagnostics.Assert(_responsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomainOwned, "Invalid module analysis app domain state");

            if (AppDomainForModuleAnalysis != null)
            {
                AppDomain.Unload(AppDomainForModuleAnalysis);
                AppDomainForModuleAnalysis = null;
            }
            _responsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomainOwned = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The AppDomain currently being used for module analysis.  It should only be created if needed,
        /// but various callers need to take responsbility for unloading the domain via
        /// the TakeResponsibilityForModuleAnalysisAppDomain.
        /// </summary>
        internal AppDomain AppDomainForModuleAnalysis { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Authorization manager for this runspace
        /// </summary>
        internal AuthorizationManager AuthorizationManager { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the appropriate provider names for the default
        /// providers based on the type of the shell
        /// (single shell or custom shell).
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        internal ProviderNames ProviderNames
        {
            get
            {
                if (_providerNames == null)
                {
                    if (IsSingleShell)
                    {
                        _providerNames = new SingleShellProviderNames();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _providerNames = new CustomShellProviderNames();
                    }
                }
                return _providerNames;
            }
        }
        private ProviderNames _providerNames;

        /// <summary>
        /// The module information for this engine...
        /// </summary>
        internal ModuleIntrinsics Modules { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the shellID for this runspace...
        /// </summary>
        internal string ShellID
        {
            get
            {
                if (_shellId == null)
                {
                    // Use the ShellID from PSAuthorizationManager before everything else because that's what's used
                    // to check execution policy...
                    if (AuthorizationManager is PSAuthorizationManager && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(AuthorizationManager.ShellId))
                    {
                        _shellId = AuthorizationManager.ShellId;
                    }
                    else if (RunspaceConfiguration != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(RunspaceConfiguration.ShellId))
                    {
                        // Otherwise fall back to the runspace shell id if it's there...
                        _shellId = RunspaceConfiguration.ShellId;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Finally fall back to the default shell id...
                        _shellId = Utils.DefaultPowerShellShellID;
                    }
                }
                return _shellId;
            }
        }
        private string _shellId;

        /// <summary>
        /// Session State with which this instance of engine works
        /// </summary>
        ///
        internal SessionStateInternal EngineSessionState { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The default or top-level session state instance for the
        /// engine.
        /// </summary>
        internal SessionStateInternal TopLevelSessionState { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the SessionState facade for the internal session state APIs
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        internal SessionState SessionState
        {
            get
            {
                return EngineSessionState.PublicSessionState;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get/set constraints for this execution environemnt
        /// </summary>
        internal PSLanguageMode LanguageMode
        {
            get
            {
                return _languageMode;
            }
            set
            {
                // If we're moving to ConstrainedLanguage, invalidate the binding
                // caches. After that, the binding rules encode the language mode.
                if (value == PSLanguageMode.ConstrainedLanguage)
                {
                    ExecutionContext.HasEverUsedConstrainedLanguage = true;
                    HasRunspaceEverUsedConstrainedLanguageMode = true;

                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSSetMemberBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSInvokeMemberBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSConvertBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSBinaryOperationBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSGetIndexBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSSetIndexBinder.InvalidateCache();
                    System.Management.Automation.Language.PSCreateInstanceBinder.InvalidateCache();
                }

                // Conversion caches don't have version info / binding rules, so must be
                // cleared every time.
                LanguagePrimitives.RebuildConversionCache();

                _languageMode = value;
            }
        }
        private PSLanguageMode _languageMode = PSLanguageMode.FullLanguage;

        /// <summary>
        ///  True if this runspace has ever used constrained language mode
        /// </summary>
        internal bool HasRunspaceEverUsedConstrainedLanguageMode { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// True if we've ever used ConstrainedLanguage. If this is the case, then the binding restrictions
        /// need to also validate against the language mode.
        /// </summary>
        internal static bool HasEverUsedConstrainedLanguage { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// If true the PowerShell debugger will use FullLanguage mode, otherwise it will use the current language mode
        /// </summary>
        internal bool UseFullLanguageModeInDebugger
        {
            get
            {
                return InitialSessionState != null ? InitialSessionState.UseFullLanguageModeInDebugger : false;
            }
        }

        internal static List<string> ModulesWithJobSourceAdapters = new List<string>
            {
                Utils.WorkflowModule,
                Utils.ScheduledJobModuleName,
            };

        /// <summary>
        /// Is true the PSScheduledJob and PSWorkflow modules are loaded for this runspace 
        /// </summary>
        internal bool IsModuleWithJobSourceAdapterLoaded
        {
            get; set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the location globber for the session state for
        /// this instance of the runspace.
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        internal LocationGlobber LocationGlobber
        {
            get
            {
                _locationGlobber = new LocationGlobber(this.SessionState);
                return _locationGlobber;
            }
        }
        private LocationGlobber _locationGlobber;

        /// <summary>
        /// The assemblies that have been loaded for this runspace
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        internal Dictionary<string, Assembly> AssemblyCache { get; private set; }

        #endregion Properties

        #region Engine State



        /// <summary>
        /// The state for current engine that is running.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value></value>
        ///
        internal EngineState EngineState { get; set; } = EngineState.None;

        #endregion

        #region GetSetVariable methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Get a variable out of session state.
        /// </summary>
        internal object GetVariableValue(VariablePath path)
        {
            CmdletProviderContext context;
            SessionStateScope scope;
            return EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(path, out context, out scope);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get a variable out of session state. This calls GetVariable(name) and returns the
        /// value unless it is null in which case it returns the defaultValue provided by the caller
        /// </summary>
        internal object GetVariableValue(VariablePath path, object defaultValue)
        {
            CmdletProviderContext context;
            SessionStateScope scope;
            return EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(path, out context, out scope) ?? defaultValue;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set a variable in session state.
        /// </summary>
        internal void SetVariable(VariablePath path, object newValue)
        {
            EngineSessionState.SetVariable(path, newValue, true, CommandOrigin.Internal);
        } // SetVariable

        internal T GetEnumPreference<T>(VariablePath preferenceVariablePath, T defaultPref, out bool defaultUsed)
        {
            CmdletProviderContext context = null;
            SessionStateScope scope = null;
            object val = EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(preferenceVariablePath, out context, out scope);
            if (val is T)
            {
                // We don't want to support "Ignore" as action preferences, as it leads to bad
                // scripting habits. They are only supported as cmdlet overrides.
                if (val is ActionPreference)
                {
                    ActionPreference preference = (ActionPreference)val;
                    if ((preference == ActionPreference.Ignore) || (preference == ActionPreference.Suspend))
                    {
                        // Reset the variable value
                        EngineSessionState.SetVariableValue(preferenceVariablePath.UserPath, defaultPref);
                        string message = StringUtil.Format(ErrorPackage.UnsupportedPreferenceError, preference);
                        throw new NotSupportedException(message);
                    }
                }

                T convertedResult = (T)val;

                defaultUsed = false;
                return convertedResult;
            }

            defaultUsed = true;
            T result = defaultPref;

            if (val != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    string valString = val as string;
                    if (valString != null)
                    {
                        result = (T)Enum.Parse(typeof(T), valString, true);
                        defaultUsed = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = (T)PSObject.Base(val);
                        defaultUsed = false;
                    }
                }
                catch (InvalidCastException)
                {
                    // default value is used
                }
                catch (ArgumentException)
                {
                    // default value is used
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Same as GetEnumPreference, but for boolean values
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="preferenceVariablePath"></param>
        /// <param name="defaultPref"></param>
        /// <param name="defaultUsed"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal bool GetBooleanPreference(VariablePath preferenceVariablePath, bool defaultPref, out bool defaultUsed)
        {
            CmdletProviderContext context = null;
            SessionStateScope scope = null;
            object val = EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(preferenceVariablePath, out context, out scope);
            if (val == null)
            {
                defaultUsed = true;
                return defaultPref;
            }
            bool converted = defaultPref;
            defaultUsed = !LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<bool>
                (val, out converted);
            return (defaultUsed) ? defaultPref : converted;
        }
        #endregion GetSetVariable methods

        #region HelpSystem

        /// <summary>
        /// Help system for this engine context. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <value></value>
        internal HelpSystem HelpSystem
        {
            get { return _helpSystem ?? (_helpSystem = new HelpSystem(this)); }
        }
        private HelpSystem _helpSystem;

        #endregion

        #region FormatAndOutput
        internal Object FormatInfo { get; set; }

        #endregion

        internal Dictionary<string, ScriptBlock> CustomArgumentCompleters { get; set; }
        internal Dictionary<string, ScriptBlock> NativeArgumentCompleters { get; set; }

        private CommandFactory _commandFactory;

        /// <summary>
        /// Routine to create a command(processor) instance using the factory.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command">The name of the command to lookup</param>
        /// <param name="dotSource"></param>
        /// <returns>The command processor object</returns>
        internal CommandProcessorBase CreateCommand(string command, bool dotSource)
        {
            if (_commandFactory == null)
            {
                _commandFactory = new CommandFactory(this);
            }
            CommandProcessorBase commandProcessor = _commandFactory.CreateCommand(command,
                this.EngineSessionState.CurrentScope.ScopeOrigin, !dotSource);
            // Reset the command origin for script commands... //BUGBUG - dotting can get around command origin checks???
            if (commandProcessor != null && commandProcessor is ScriptCommandProcessorBase)
                commandProcessor.Command.CommandOriginInternal = CommandOrigin.Internal;

            return commandProcessor;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Hold the current command.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>Reference to command discovery</value>
        internal CommandProcessorBase CurrentCommandProcessor { get; set; }


        /// <summary>
        /// Redirect to the CommandDiscovery in the engine.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>Reference to command discovery</value>
        internal CommandDiscovery CommandDiscovery
        {
            get
            {
                return Engine.CommandDiscovery;
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Interface that should be used for interaction with host
        /// </summary>
        internal InternalHost EngineHostInterface { get; private set;

            // set not provided: it's not meaningful to change the host post-construction.
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Interface to be used for interaction with internal
        /// host. InternalHost wraps the host supplied
        /// during construction. Use this wrapper to access
        /// functionality specific to InternalHost.
        /// </summary>
        internal InternalHost InternalHost
        {
            get { return EngineHostInterface; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Interface to the public API for the engine
        /// </summary>
        internal EngineIntrinsics EngineIntrinsics
        {
            get { return _engineIntrinsics ?? (_engineIntrinsics = new EngineIntrinsics(this)); }
        }
        private EngineIntrinsics _engineIntrinsics;

        /// <summary>
        /// Log context cache
        /// </summary>
        internal LogContextCache LogContextCache { get; } = new LogContextCache();

        #region Output pipes
        /// <summary>
        /// The PipelineWriter provided by the connection object for success output
        /// </summary>
        internal PipelineWriter ExternalSuccessOutput { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The PipelineWriter provided by the connection object for error output
        /// </summary>
        internal PipelineWriter ExternalErrorOutput { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The PipelineWriter provided by the connection object for progress output
        /// </summary>
        internal PipelineWriter ExternalProgressOutput { get; set; }

        internal class SavedContextData
        {
            private bool _stepScript;
            private bool _ignoreScriptDebug;
            private int _PSDebug;

            private Pipe _shellFunctionErrorOutputPipe;

            public SavedContextData(ExecutionContext context)
            {
                _stepScript = context.PSDebugTraceStep;
                _ignoreScriptDebug = context.IgnoreScriptDebug;
                _PSDebug = context.PSDebugTraceLevel;

                _shellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = context.ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe;
            }

            public void RestoreContextData(ExecutionContext context)
            {
                context.PSDebugTraceStep = _stepScript;
                context.IgnoreScriptDebug = _ignoreScriptDebug;
                context.PSDebugTraceLevel = _PSDebug;

                context.ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = _shellFunctionErrorOutputPipe;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Host uses this to saves context data when entering a nested prompt
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal SavedContextData SaveContextData()
        {
            return new SavedContextData(this);
        }

        internal void ResetShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe()
        {
            ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = null;
        }

        internal Pipe RedirectErrorPipe(Pipe newPipe)
        {
            Pipe oldPipe = ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe;
            ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = newPipe;
            return oldPipe;
        }
        internal void RestoreErrorPipe(Pipe pipe)
        {
            ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = pipe;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reset all of the redirection book keeping variables. This routine should be called when starting to
        /// execute a script.
        /// </summary>
        internal void ResetRedirection()
        {
            ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe = null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Function and Script command processors will route their error output to
        /// this pipe if set, unless explicitly routed elsewhere. We also keep track
        /// of the first time this value is set so we can know if it's the default
        /// error output or not.
        /// </summary>
        internal Pipe ShellFunctionErrorOutputPipe { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Supports expression Warning output redirection.
        /// </summary>
        internal Pipe ExpressionWarningOutputPipe { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Supports expression Verbose output redirection.
        /// </summary>
        internal Pipe ExpressionVerboseOutputPipe { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Supports expression Verbose output redirection.
        /// </summary>
        internal Pipe ExpressionDebugOutputPipe { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Supports expression Information output redirection.
        /// </summary>
        internal Pipe ExpressionInformationOutputPipe { get; set; }

        #endregion Output pipes

        #region Append to $error
        /// <summary>
        /// Appends the object to $global:error if it's an error record or exception.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// ErrorRecord or Exception to be written to $global:error
        /// </param>
        /// <exception cref="ExtendedTypeSystemException">
        /// (get-only) An error occurred accessing $ERROR.
        /// </exception>
        internal void AppendDollarError(object obj)
        {
            ErrorRecord objAsErrorRecord = obj as ErrorRecord;
            if (objAsErrorRecord == null && !(obj is Exception))
            {
                Diagnostics.Assert(false, "Object to append was neither an ErrorRecord nor an Exception in ExecutionContext.AppendDollarError");
                return;
            }

            object old = this.DollarErrorVariable;
            ArrayList arraylist = old as ArrayList;
            if (null == arraylist)
            {
                Diagnostics.Assert(false, "$error should be a global constant ArrayList");
                return;
            }

            // Don't add the same exception twice...
            if (arraylist.Count > 0)
            {
                // There may be exceptions stored directly in which case
                // the direc comparison will catch them...
                if (arraylist[0] == obj)
                    return;
                // otherwise check the exception members of the error records...
                ErrorRecord er1 = arraylist[0] as ErrorRecord;

                if (er1 != null && objAsErrorRecord != null && er1.Exception == objAsErrorRecord.Exception)
                    return;
            }

            // 1045384-2004/12/14-JonN impementing $MaximumErrorCount
            object maxcountobj = EngineSessionState.CurrentScope.ErrorCapacity.FastValue;
            if (null != maxcountobj)
            {
                try
                {
                    maxcountobj = LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(maxcountobj, typeof(int), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                }
                catch (PSInvalidCastException)
                {
                }
                catch (System.OverflowException)
                {
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Diagnostics.Assert(false,
                        "Unexpected exception in LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo: "
                        + e.GetType().FullName);
                    throw;
                }
            }
            int maxErrorCount = (maxcountobj is int) ? (int)maxcountobj : 256;
            if (0 > maxErrorCount)
                maxErrorCount = 0;
            else if (32768 < maxErrorCount)
                maxErrorCount = 32768;

            if (0 >= maxErrorCount)
            {
                arraylist.Clear();
                return;
            }
            int numToErase = arraylist.Count - (maxErrorCount - 1);
            if (0 < numToErase)
            {
                arraylist.RemoveRange(
                    maxErrorCount - 1,
                    numToErase);
            }
            arraylist.Insert(0, obj);
        } // AppendDollarError
        #endregion

        #region Scope or Commands (in pipeline) Depth Count

        /// <summary>
        /// Check if the stack would overflow soon, if so, throw ScriptCallDepthException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ScriptCallDepthException">
        /// If the stack would overflow soon.
        /// </exception>
        internal static void CheckStackDepth()
        {
            try
            {
                RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();
            }
            catch (InsufficientExecutionStackException)
            {
                throw new ScriptCallDepthException();
            }
        }

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// The current connection object
        /// </summary>
        private Runspace _currentRunspace;
        //This should be internal, but it need to be friend of remoting dll.
        /// <summary>
        /// The current connection object
        /// </summary>
        internal Runspace CurrentRunspace
        {
            get { return _currentRunspace; }
            set { _currentRunspace = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Each pipeline has a stack of pipeline processor. This method
        /// pushes pp in to stack for currently executing pipeline.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pp"></param>
        internal void PushPipelineProcessor(PipelineProcessor pp)
        {
            if (_currentRunspace == null)
                return;
            LocalPipeline lpl = (LocalPipeline)((RunspaceBase)_currentRunspace).GetCurrentlyRunningPipeline();
            if (lpl == null)
                return;
            lpl.Stopper.Push(pp);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Each pipeline has a stack of pipeline processor. This method pops the
        /// top item from the stack
        /// </summary>
        internal void PopPipelineProcessor(bool fromSteppablePipeline)
        {
            if (_currentRunspace == null)
                return;
            LocalPipeline lpl = (LocalPipeline)((RunspaceBase)_currentRunspace).GetCurrentlyRunningPipeline();
            if (lpl == null)
                return;
            lpl.Stopper.Pop(fromSteppablePipeline);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This flag is checked by parser to stop loops etc.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal bool CurrentPipelineStopping
        {
            get
            {
                if (_currentRunspace == null)
                    return false;
                LocalPipeline lpl = (LocalPipeline)((RunspaceBase)_currentRunspace).GetCurrentlyRunningPipeline();
                if (lpl == null)
                    return false;
                return lpl.IsStopping;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// True means one of these:
        /// 1) there is a trap statement in a dynamically enclosing statement block that might catch an exception.
        /// 2) execution happens inside a PS class and exceptions should be propagated all the way up, even if there is no enclosing try-catch-finally.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value></value>
        internal bool PropagateExceptionsToEnclosingStatementBlock { get; set; }

        internal RuntimeException CurrentExceptionBeingHandled { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Shortcut to get at $?
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The current value of $? </value>
        internal bool QuestionMarkVariableValue { get; set; } = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// Shortcut to get at $error
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The current value of $global:error </value>
        internal object DollarErrorVariable
        {
            get
            {
                CmdletProviderContext context = null;
                SessionStateScope scope = null;
                object resultItem = null;

                if (!Events.IsExecutingEventAction)
                {
                    resultItem = EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(
                        SpecialVariables.ErrorVarPath, out context, out scope);
                }
                else
                {
                    resultItem = EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(
                        SpecialVariables.EventErrorVarPath, out context, out scope);
                }

                return resultItem;
            }
            set
            {
                EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.ErrorVarPath, value, true, CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ActionPreference DebugPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ActionPreference>(
                    SpecialVariables.DebugPreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultDebugPreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.DebugPreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ActionPreference), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ActionPreference VerbosePreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ActionPreference>(
                    SpecialVariables.VerbosePreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultVerbosePreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.VerbosePreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ActionPreference), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ActionPreference ErrorActionPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ActionPreference>(
                    SpecialVariables.ErrorActionPreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultErrorActionPreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.ErrorActionPreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ActionPreference), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ActionPreference WarningActionPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ActionPreference>(
                    SpecialVariables.WarningPreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultWarningPreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.WarningPreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ActionPreference), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ActionPreference InformationActionPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ActionPreference>(
                    SpecialVariables.InformationPreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultInformationPreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.InformationPreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ActionPreference), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal object WhatIfPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                CmdletProviderContext context = null;
                SessionStateScope scope = null;

                object resultItem = this.EngineSessionState.GetVariableValue(
                    SpecialVariables.WhatIfPreferenceVarPath,
                    out context,
                    out scope);

                return resultItem;
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.WhatIfPreferenceVarPath,
                    value,
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal ConfirmImpact ConfirmPreferenceVariable
        {
            get
            {
                bool defaultUsed = false;
                return this.GetEnumPreference<ConfirmImpact>(
                    SpecialVariables.ConfirmPreferenceVarPath,
                    InitialSessionState.defaultConfirmPreference,
                    out defaultUsed);
            }
            set
            {
                this.EngineSessionState.SetVariable(
                    SpecialVariables.ConfirmPreferenceVarPath,
                    LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(value, typeof(ConfirmImpact), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                    true,
                    CommandOrigin.Internal);
            }
        }

        internal void RunspaceClosingNotification()
        {
            if (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null)
            {
                this.RunspaceConfiguration.Unbind(this);
            }

            EngineSessionState.RunspaceClosingNotification();

            if (_debugger != null)
            {
                _debugger.Dispose();
            }
            if (Events != null)
            {
                Events.Dispose();
            }
            Events = null;
            if (this.transactionManager != null)
            {
                this.transactionManager.Dispose();
            }
            this.transactionManager = null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the type table instance for this engine. This is somewhat
        /// complicated by the need to have a single type table in RunspaceConfig
        /// shared across all bound runspaces, as well as individual tables for
        /// instances created from InitialSessionState.
        /// </summary>
        internal TypeTable TypeTable
        {
            get
            {
                if (_typeTable == null)
                {
                    // Always use the type table from the RunspaceConfig if there is one, otherwise create a default one
                    _typeTable = (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null && RunspaceConfiguration.TypeTable != null)
                        ? RunspaceConfiguration.TypeTable
                        : new TypeTable();
                    _typeTableWeakReference = new WeakReference<TypeTable>(_typeTable);
                }
                return _typeTable;
            }
            // This needs to exist so that RunspaceConfiguration can
            // push it's shared type table into ExecutionContext
            set
            {
                if (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null)
                    throw new NotImplementedException("set_TypeTable()");
                _typeTable = value;
                _typeTableWeakReference = value != null ? new WeakReference<TypeTable>(value) : null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Here for PSObject, should probably not be used elsewhere, maybe not even in PSObject.
        /// </summary>
        internal WeakReference<TypeTable> TypeTableWeakReference
        {
            get
            {
                if (_typeTable == null)
                {
                    var unused = TypeTable;
                }
                return _typeTableWeakReference;
            }
        }

        private TypeTable _typeTable;
        private WeakReference<TypeTable> _typeTableWeakReference;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the format info database for this engine. This is significantly
        /// complicated by the need to have a single type table in RunspaceConfig
        /// shared across all bound runspaces, as well as individual tables for
        /// instances created from InitialSessionState.
        /// </summary>
        internal TypeInfoDataBaseManager FormatDBManager
        {
            get
            {
                // Use the format DB from the RunspaceConfig if there is one.
                if (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null && RunspaceConfiguration.FormatDBManager != null)
                {
                    return RunspaceConfiguration.FormatDBManager;
                }

                if (_formatDBManager == null)
                {
                    // If no Formatter database has been created, then
                    // create and initialize an empty one.
                    _formatDBManager = new TypeInfoDataBaseManager();
                    _formatDBManager.Update(this.AuthorizationManager, this.EngineHostInterface);
                    if (this.InitialSessionState != null)
                    {
                        // Win8:418011: Set DisableFormatTableUpdates only after performing the initial update. Otherwise, formatDBManager will be 
                        // in bad state.
                        _formatDBManager.DisableFormatTableUpdates = this.InitialSessionState.DisableFormatUpdates;
                    }
                }
                return _formatDBManager;
            }

            // This needs to exist so that RunspaceConfiguration can
            // push it's shared format database table into ExecutionContext
            set
            {
                if (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null)
                    throw new NotImplementedException("set_FormatDBManager()");
                _formatDBManager = value;
            }
        }
        private TypeInfoDataBaseManager _formatDBManager;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the TransactionManager instance that controlls transactions in the current
        /// instance.
        /// </summary>
        internal PSTransactionManager TransactionManager
        {
            get
            {
                return transactionManager;
            }
        }
        internal PSTransactionManager transactionManager;


        private bool _assemblyCacheInitialized = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// This function is called by RunspaceConfiguration.Assemblies.Update call back. 
        /// It's not used when constructing a runspace from an InitialSessionState object.
        /// </summary>
        internal void UpdateAssemblyCache()
        {
            string errors = "";

            if (this.RunspaceConfiguration != null)
            {
                if (!_assemblyCacheInitialized)
                {
                    foreach (AssemblyConfigurationEntry entry in this.RunspaceConfiguration.Assemblies)
                    {
                        Exception error = null;
                        AddAssembly(entry.Name, entry.FileName, out error);

                        if (error != null)
                        {
                            errors += "\n" + error.Message;
                        }
                    }

                    _assemblyCacheInitialized = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach (AssemblyConfigurationEntry entry in this.RunspaceConfiguration.Assemblies.UpdateList)
                    {
                        switch (entry.Action)
                        {
                            case UpdateAction.Add:
                                Exception error = null;
                                AddAssembly(entry.Name, entry.FileName, out error);

                                if (error != null)
                                {
                                    errors += "\n" + error.Message;
                                }

                                break;

                            case UpdateAction.Remove:
                                RemoveAssembly(entry.Name);
                                break;

                            default:
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(errors))
                {
                    string message = StringUtil.Format(MiniShellErrors.UpdateAssemblyErrors, errors);
                    throw new RuntimeException(message);
                }
            }
        }

        internal Assembly AddAssembly(string name, string filename, out Exception error)
        {
            Assembly loadedAssembly = LoadAssembly(name, filename, out error);

            if (loadedAssembly == null)
                return null;

            if (AssemblyCache.ContainsKey(loadedAssembly.FullName))
            {
                // we should ignore this assembly. 
                return loadedAssembly;
            }
            // We will cache the assembly by both full name and
            // file name
            AssemblyCache.Add(loadedAssembly.FullName, loadedAssembly);

            if (AssemblyCache.ContainsKey(loadedAssembly.GetName().Name))
            {
                // we should ignore this assembly. 
                return loadedAssembly;
            }
            AssemblyCache.Add(loadedAssembly.GetName().Name, loadedAssembly);
            return loadedAssembly;
        }

        internal void RemoveAssembly(string name)
        {
            Assembly loadedAssembly;
            if (AssemblyCache.TryGetValue(name, out loadedAssembly) && loadedAssembly != null)
            {
                AssemblyCache.Remove(name);

                AssemblyCache.Remove(loadedAssembly.GetName().Name);
            }
        }


        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2001:AvoidCallingProblematicMethods", MessageId = "System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadWithPartialName")]
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2001:AvoidCallingProblematicMethods", MessageId = "System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom")]
        internal static Assembly LoadAssembly(string name, string filename, out Exception error)
        {
            // First we try to load the assembly based on the given name

            Assembly loadedAssembly = null;
            error = null;

            string fixedName = null;
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
            {
                // Remove the '.dll' if it's there...
                fixedName = name.EndsWith(".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                                ? Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(name)
                                : name;

                var assemblyString = Utils.IsPowerShellAssembly(fixedName)
                                         ? Utils.GetPowerShellAssemblyStrongName(fixedName)
                                         : fixedName;

                try
                {
                    loadedAssembly = Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName(assemblyString));
                }
                catch (FileNotFoundException fileNotFound)
                {
                    error = fileNotFound;
                }
                catch (FileLoadException fileLoadException)
                {
                    error = fileLoadException;
                    // this is a legitamate error on CoreCLR for a newly emited with Add-Type assemblies
                    // they cannot be loaded by name, but we are only interested in importing them by path
                }
                catch (BadImageFormatException badImage)
                {
                    error = badImage;
                    return null;
                }
                catch (SecurityException securityException)
                {
                    error = securityException;
                    return null;
                }
            }

            if (loadedAssembly != null)
                return loadedAssembly;

            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(filename))
            {
                error = null;

                try
                {
                    loadedAssembly = ClrFacade.LoadFrom(filename);
                    return loadedAssembly;
                }
                catch (FileNotFoundException fileNotFound)
                {
                    error = fileNotFound;
                }
                catch (FileLoadException fileLoadException)
                {
                    error = fileLoadException;
                    return null;
                }
                catch (BadImageFormatException badImage)
                {
                    error = badImage;
                    return null;
                }
                catch (SecurityException securityException)
                {
                    error = securityException;
                    return null;
                }
            }

#if !CORECLR// Assembly.LoadWithPartialName is not in CoreCLR. In CoreCLR, 'LoadWithPartialName' can be replaced by Assembly.Load with the help of AssemblyLoadContext.
            // Finally try with partial name...
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(fixedName))
            {
                try
                {
                    // This is a deprecated API, use of this API needs to be
                    // reviewed periodically.
#pragma warning disable 0618
                    loadedAssembly = Assembly.LoadWithPartialName(fixedName);

                    if (loadedAssembly != null)
                    {
                        // In the past, LoadWithPartialName would just return null in most cases when the assembly could not be found or loaded.
                        // In addition to this, the error was always cleared. So now, clear the error variable only if the assembly was loaded.
                        error = null;
                    }
                    return loadedAssembly;
                }

                // Expected exceptions are ArgumentNullException and BadImageFormatException. See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/12xc5368(v=vs.110).aspx
                catch (BadImageFormatException badImage)
                {
                    error = badImage;
                }
            }
#endif
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Report an initialization-time error.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="resourceString">resource string</param>
        /// <param name="arguments">arguments</param>
        internal void ReportEngineStartupError(string resourceString, params object[] arguments)
        {
            try
            {
                Cmdlet currentRunningModuleCommand;
                string errorId;
                if (IsModuleCommandCurrentlyRunning(out currentRunningModuleCommand, out errorId))
                {
                    RuntimeException rte = InterpreterError.NewInterpreterException(null, typeof(RuntimeException), null, errorId, resourceString, arguments);
                    currentRunningModuleCommand.WriteError(new ErrorRecord(rte.ErrorRecord, rte));
                }
                else
                {
                    PSHost host = EngineHostInterface;
                    if (null == host) return;
                    PSHostUserInterface ui = host.UI;
                    if (null == ui) return;
                    ui.WriteErrorLine(
                        StringUtil.Format(resourceString, arguments));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) // swallow all exceptions
            {
                CommandProcessorBase.CheckForSevereException(ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Report an initialization-time error
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="error">error to report</param>
        internal void ReportEngineStartupError(string error)
        {
            try
            {
                Cmdlet currentRunningModuleCommand;
                string errorId;
                if (IsModuleCommandCurrentlyRunning(out currentRunningModuleCommand, out errorId))
                {
                    RuntimeException rte = InterpreterError.NewInterpreterException(null, typeof(RuntimeException), null, errorId, "{0}", error);
                    currentRunningModuleCommand.WriteError(new ErrorRecord(rte.ErrorRecord, rte));
                }
                else
                {
                    PSHost host = EngineHostInterface;
                    if (null == host) return;
                    PSHostUserInterface ui = host.UI;
                    if (null == ui) return;
                    ui.WriteErrorLine(error);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) // swallow all exceptions
            {
                CommandProcessorBase.CheckForSevereException(ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Report an initialization-time error
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        internal void ReportEngineStartupError(Exception e)
        {
            try
            {
                Cmdlet currentRunningModuleCommand;
                string errorId;
                if (IsModuleCommandCurrentlyRunning(out currentRunningModuleCommand, out errorId))
                {
                    ErrorRecord error = null;
                    var rte = e as RuntimeException;

                    error = rte != null
                        ? new ErrorRecord(rte.ErrorRecord, rte)
                        : new ErrorRecord(e, errorId, ErrorCategory.OperationStopped, null);

                    currentRunningModuleCommand.WriteError(error);
                }
                else
                {
                    PSHost host = EngineHostInterface;
                    if (null == host) return;
                    PSHostUserInterface ui = host.UI;
                    if (null == ui) return;
                    ui.WriteErrorLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) // swallow all exceptions
            {
                CommandProcessorBase.CheckForSevereException(ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Report an initialization-time error
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="errorRecord"></param>
        internal void ReportEngineStartupError(ErrorRecord errorRecord)
        {
            try
            {
                Cmdlet currentRunningModuleCommand;
                string unused;
                if (IsModuleCommandCurrentlyRunning(out currentRunningModuleCommand, out unused))
                {
                    currentRunningModuleCommand.WriteError(errorRecord);
                }
                else
                {
                    PSHost host = EngineHostInterface;
                    if (null == host) return;
                    PSHostUserInterface ui = host.UI;
                    if (null == ui) return;
                    ui.WriteErrorLine(errorRecord.ToString());
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) // swallow all exceptions
            {
                CommandProcessorBase.CheckForSevereException(ex);
            }
        }

        private bool IsModuleCommandCurrentlyRunning(out Cmdlet command, out string errorId)
        {
            command = null;
            errorId = null;
            bool result = false;
            if (this.CurrentCommandProcessor != null)
            {
                CommandInfo cmdletInfo = this.CurrentCommandProcessor.CommandInfo;
                if ((String.Equals(cmdletInfo.Name, "Import-Module", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                     String.Equals(cmdletInfo.Name, "Remove-Module", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) &&
                    cmdletInfo.CommandType.Equals(CommandTypes.Cmdlet) &&
                    InitialSessionState.CoreModule.Equals(cmdletInfo.ModuleName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                {
                    result = true;
                    command = (Cmdlet)this.CurrentCommandProcessor.Command;
                    errorId = String.Equals(cmdletInfo.Name, "Import-Module", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                                  ? "Module_ImportModuleError"
                                  : "Module_RemoveModuleError";
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs an Execution context object for Automation Engine
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        /// <param name="engine">
        /// Engine that hosts this execution context
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="hostInterface">
        /// Interface that should be used for interaction with host
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="runspaceConfiguration">
        /// RunspaceConfiguration information
        /// </param>
        internal ExecutionContext(AutomationEngine engine, PSHost hostInterface, RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConfiguration)
        {
            RunspaceConfiguration = runspaceConfiguration;
            AuthorizationManager = runspaceConfiguration.AuthorizationManager;

            InitializeCommon(engine, hostInterface);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs an Execution context object for Automation Engine
        /// </summary>
        /// 
        /// <param name="engine">
        /// Engine that hosts this execution context
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="hostInterface">
        /// Interface that should be used for interaction with host
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="initialSessionState">
        /// InitialSessionState information
        /// </param>
        internal ExecutionContext(AutomationEngine engine, PSHost hostInterface, InitialSessionState initialSessionState)
        {
            InitialSessionState = initialSessionState;
            AuthorizationManager = initialSessionState.AuthorizationManager;

            InitializeCommon(engine, hostInterface);
        }

        private void InitializeCommon(AutomationEngine engine, PSHost hostInterface)
        {
            Engine = engine;
#if !CORECLR// System.AppDomain is not in CoreCLR
            // Set the assembly resolve handler if it isn't already set...
            if (!_assemblyEventHandlerSet)
            {
                // we only want to set the event handler once for the entire app domain...
                lock (lockObject)
                {
                    // Need to check again inside the lock due to possibliity of a race condition...
                    if (!_assemblyEventHandlerSet)
                    {
                        AppDomain currentAppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
                        currentAppDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(PowerShellAssemblyResolveHandler);
                        _assemblyEventHandlerSet = true;
                    }
                }
            }
#endif
            Events = new PSLocalEventManager(this);
            transactionManager = new PSTransactionManager();
            _debugger = new ScriptDebugger(this);

            EngineHostInterface = hostInterface as InternalHost ?? new InternalHost(hostInterface, this);

            // Hook up the assembly cache
            AssemblyCache = new Dictionary<string, Assembly>();

            // Initialize the fixed toplevel session state and the current session state
            TopLevelSessionState = EngineSessionState = new SessionStateInternal(this);

            if (AuthorizationManager == null)
            {
                // if authorizationmanager==null, this means the configuration
                // explicitly asked for dummy authorization manager. 
                AuthorizationManager = new AuthorizationManager(null);
            }

            // Set up the module intrinsics
            Modules = new ModuleIntrinsics(this);
        }

#if !CORECLR // System.AppDomain is not in CoreCLR
        private static bool _assemblyEventHandlerSet = false;
        private static object lockObject = new Object();

        /// <summary>
        /// AssemblyResolve event handler that will look in the assembly cache to see
        /// if the named assembly has been loaded. This is necessary so that assemblies loaded
        /// with LoadFrom, which are in a different loaded context than Load, can still be used to
        /// resolve types.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The event sender</param>
        /// <param name="args">The event args</param>
        /// <returns>The resolve assembly or null if not found</returns>
        private static Assembly PowerShellAssemblyResolveHandler(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
        {
            ExecutionContext ecFromTLS = Runspaces.LocalPipeline.GetExecutionContextFromTLS();
            if (ecFromTLS != null)
            {
                if (ecFromTLS.AssemblyCache != null)
                {
                    Assembly assembly;
                    ecFromTLS.AssemblyCache.TryGetValue(args.Name, out assembly);
                    return assembly;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
#endif
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Enum that defines state of monad engine. 
    /// </summary>
    /// 
    internal enum EngineState
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Engine state is not defined or initialized.
        /// </summary>
        None = 0,

        /// <summary>
        /// Engine available
        /// </summary>
        Available = 1,

        /// <summary>
        /// Engine service is degraded
        /// </summary>
        Degraded = 2,

        /// <summary>
        /// Engine is out of service
        /// </summary>
        OutOfService = 3,

        /// <summary>
        /// Engine is stopped
        /// </summary>
        Stopped = 4
    };
}