Deployment involves packaging up your web application and putting it in a production environment that can run the app.
Your web application must live somewhere other than your own desktop or laptop. A production environment is the canonical version of your current application and its associated data.
If you're tight on time look at the platform-as-a-service (PaaS) options. You can deploy a low traffic project web app for free or low cost. You won't have to worry about setting up the operating system and web server compared to going the traditional server route. In theory you should be able to get your application live on the web sooner with PaaS hosting.
Traditional server options are your best bet for learning how the entire Python web stack works. You'll often save money with a virtual private server instead of a platform-as-a-service as you scale up.
Read about servers, operating systems, web servers and WSGI servers to get a broad picture of what components need to be set up to run a Python web application.
There are four options for deploying and hosting a web application:
Thoughts on web application deployment walks through stages of deployment with source control, planning, continuous deployment and monitoring the results.
Practical continuous deployment defines delivery versus deployment and walks through a continuous deployment workflow.